Zimbabwe’s ruling party has ignited a fierce national debate after proposing sweeping constitutional changes that could eliminate direct presidential elections and extend presidential terms, a move critics warn may entrench power and weaken democratic institutions.
The proposal, driven by the long-governing ZANU-PF party, would transfer the power to elect the president from voters to parliament, while also increasing presidential and parliamentary terms from five to seven years. If adopted, the changes could allow President Emmerson Mnangagwa to remain in office beyond his current term limit, which is set to end in 2028.
The draft legislation represents one of the most significant political shifts in Zimbabwe since the adoption of the 2013 constitution. Among its key provisions are the scrapping of presidential elections, the extension of term limits, and the postponement of the 2028 elections to 2030.
Supporters within ZANU-PF argue the reforms are aimed at reducing the cost and volatility associated with national elections. Party spokesperson Patrick Chinamasa has defended the proposal, saying the country has the right to adopt a governance model that promotes stability and minimizes political conflict.
However, opposition leaders and civil society groups see the proposal as a direct threat to democratic accountability. Critics argue that removing the public’s right to elect the president would undermine constitutional principles and concentrate power within the ruling party.
Debate
Public hearings held across the country have revealed deep divisions over the proposed changes. In the capital, Harare, large crowds gathered at a sports arena to voice their views, with many speakers expressing support for extending Mnangagwa’s tenure.
Chants endorsing continued leadership beyond 2028 echoed throughout the venue, reflecting strong backing among ruling party supporters.
Yet the hearings were also marked by tension. Reports of pushing and disruptions surfaced when opposition voices attempted to speak. Some attendees alleged intimidation and interference, including incidents involving journalists being pressured to delete footage.
Opposition figures, including lawyer Fadzayi Mahere, accused ruling party supporters of disrupting dissenting voices, an allegation ZANU-PF officials denied.
Opposition leaders have strongly condemned the proposed amendments, warning that they could reverse democratic gains. Tendai Biti, a veteran politician and former finance minister, described the move as a gradual erosion of democratic norms.
Legal experts have also raised questions about the constitutionality of the proposal. The 2013 constitution limits presidents to two terms and requires that any extension be approved through a public referendum. It also states that a sitting president cannot benefit from such changes without voter approval.
Critics argue that bypassing a referendum would violate these provisions and could be challenged in court.
Meanwhile, some opposition figures report increased political pressure, including restrictions on gatherings and alleged harassment of activists ahead of the hearings.
Supporters of the proposal say the changes are necessary to ensure political stability and continuity in governance. They argue that presidential elections have historically been accompanied by violence and disputed results.
ZANU-PF leaders point to ongoing economic and development efforts under Mnangagwa’s administration as justification for continuity.
The president came to power in 2017 following the removal of longtime leader Robert Mugabe and later won elections in 2018 and 2023, both of which were contested by the opposition.
Supporters argue that shifting presidential selection to parliament could reduce tensions and create a more predictable leadership transition.
Parliament is expected to debate and potentially pass the bill in the coming weeks, marking a critical moment in Zimbabwe’s political trajectory. While ZANU-PF holds a strong majority, the proposal has sparked resistance both within and outside the party.
Analysts warn the reforms could weaken democratic checks and reshape the country’s political system.
For many citizens, the outcome will determine the future of elections and the direction of Zimbabwe’s democracy.
